Description—Commonly seen growing in the desert Southwest and Mexico, most Opuntia varieties are characterized by flat, fleshy pads, some of which can grow to the size of a beaver’s tail or larger. Many bear glochids (clusters of fine spines that easily detach from the pads); if lodged in the skin, glochids are very difficult to remove. Opuntia can grow up to 15 feet tall and wide.

Best traits—This low-maintenance cactus is both drought- and heat-tolerant. In response to environmental conditions, the pads on some varieties will turn a striking shade of purple. It produces showy flowers in springtime that range from yellow to pink to red. Its fruits are edible and can be used in jams, candies and syrups. Its pads (nopales) can be cooked and eaten like a vegetable.

In the garden—Ideal for xeriscape gardens, this desert plant adds Southwest flair to the landscape. It can produce dramatic impact with its branching shape and appealing padded configurations. When planted in rows, prickly pears can be used to create a “living” fence.

Note: The white substance often seen on prickly pear pads is caused by cochineal scale, an insect from which a red dye can be made. If the plant is infested, it may die. To control, spray with a strong jet of water from a hose.


GROWING TIPS

• Grow in coarse, well-draining soil in full sun.

• Water sparingly to avoid rot. If the pads are plump, don’t water. If they look thin and the tips droop, it’s time to irrigate.

• Prune prickly pears regularly to maintain their shape, since they easily self-propagate and can become invasive.

• To grow plant cuttings, snip pads at the joint, bury the cut part of the pad in soil, and water well. Hold pads with tongs to avoid getting spines in your skin.



RECOMMENDED VARIETIES

Beavertail cactus (Opuntia basilaris)
Engelmann’s prickly pear (O. engelmannii)
Indian fig (O. ficus-indica)
Purple prickly pear (O. santa-rita ‘Tubac™’)